Today almost all countries are highly dependent on energy in their growth processes, which leads to an increase in global demand. According to British Petroleum data, primary energy consumption increased by around 5% in 2019, which is the fastest growth rate since 2013. Natural gas had the highest increase in energy consumption among various fuel types used in daily life, followed by oil and coal. Despite its importance and widespread use, renewable energy still does not have a substantial share in the energy mix. In 2020, renewable energy accounted for around 10% of the final energy consumption globally. However, this rate is likely to increase in the future as countries reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. But petroleum consumption as a fossil energy source and the primary fuel for the world reached about 34.2% of global energy consumption in 2017.
Numerous key events and discoveries around the world have accelerated the transition from fossil to renewable energy resources. These factors include growing concern about energy security and climate change, political and social pressure to curb greenhouse gas emissions, rising and fluctuating petroleum costs, and over-reliance on foreign energy resources. Therefore, the development of the global energy industry by 2035 will primarily focus on meeting the world’s demand for energy resources and increasing the resilience to climate change to be able to support economic growth and population increase. In addition, as seen with the developments in the field of renewable energy, dynamic changes are occurring in power systems.
Many developing countries have decided to increase their investments in renewable energy to reduce high dependence on fossil fuels. Global investment in clean energy has increased from 18% to 42% since 2004. China, Brazil and India are the world’s first, fifth and eighth largest renewable energy investors, accounting for 37% of clean energy investment worldwide. The distributed energy business and digitization are critical steps towards phasing out the fossil fuel industry. A quantum leap in technology development is a must to ensure the uninterrupted operation of future decarbonization power systems.
Data center is one of the high energy consuming organizations. A data center is a room or a building which has IT (Information Technology) equipment, electrical systems, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems and other related infrastructures. The amount of electricity consumed by data centers worldwide doubled between 2000 and 2005, and then increased by approximately 56% between 2005 and 2010. According to recent energy figures, data center business accounts for 1.3% of global electricity use and 2% of electricity use in the USA. The United States holds between 25% and 35% of data center electricity consumption globally. As stated in a congress report by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), data centers consumed 1.5% of America’s electricity in 2006. Ongoing expansions are exacerbating the energy consumption problem. Cooling and electrical systems consume most of the energy.
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